Being home for the summer, working an easy though (extremely) low paying job, allows one some time to do some personal film watching credit. Though my college isn’t about to award me points for writing, I have always wanted to do more work from my so called Netflix University. My latest project, following a series of classic screwball comedies, has been to take on the French New Wave.
Fasten your seatbelts, it’s gonna be a bumpy ride.
Now my previous experiences with the French movement of cinema that revolutionized it forever has been a little dull. After seeing Jean-Luc Godard’s Breathless three times, I still admire it than actually enjoy it. Francois Truffaut’s Jules et Jim for me might be the perfect film though, combining a romance with a certain French mysticism (the recent Norwegian film Reprise, one of my favorites of the year, has many homages to this). And then there’s Alain Renais’ Last Year at Marienbad, which has been hitting the art houses in a new 35mm print since January. This film perfectly can describe my so far relationship—beautiful to look at, but absolutely frustrating to watch.
What makes the French New Wave so difficult to appreciate today? For starters, its much more difficult to understand the radicalism of the flicks almost 50 years later. The critics of cashiers du cinema who became the directors of the movement were responding to classical Hollywood. They wanted to break down the walls and set their own space. To today’s audience, a lot of their so called revolutions might be seen as particular. Just check out Pulp Fiction or Memento. Check out Scorsese, Altman, Polanski, or Coppola. What use to be rejection was formed into social consciousness. When we see French New Wave today, we notice the irregular storylines, but even those have begun to fade to normal.
So my goal is a daunting one, come to not only appreciate, but love the style of the French New Wave. For the first week, I set out four films.
The first two would help me get a greater sense of the explosion of the French New Wave. Along with Breathless, two other films are widely cited as the beginning of the movement: Francois Truffaut’s The 400 Blows and Alain Renais’ Hiroshima, Mon Amour. I sat down with Mr. Truffaut first, trusting him from the last time we had encountered each other.
Yet I fell into the trap immediately set out. First the first 90 minutes of the film, I simply didn’t get it. The film felt so…regular. There was nothing that immediately popped from my head. The film’s story about a young boy who can’t seem to fit into society reminded me exactly of the old Hollywood social problem films like The Grapes of Wrath or I am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang. Why had this film exploded at Cannes in 1959, I thought. Sure, they are not filming on sets, a staple of the movement, and Truffaut beautifully captures France. But as the film reached its final moment, the iconic moment started to make more sense. As our protagonist runs to the ocean, the film literally freezes on his face, leaving both him and us into the unknown. It was the realism that made this film beautiful. Besides cashiers study of the American auteurs, the other huge influence was the Italian neorealism movement. This was the French version of that, yet with some new characteristics that De Sica or Rossellini would never of tried. Yet even after thinking about it, The 400 Blows was still a let down, and a hard start to my marathon. It had moment of joy, sorrow, and an amazing ending, yet it just didn’t jump out like I hoped it would.
Soon after, my hopes of admiration were brought back. The opening thirty minutes of Alain Renias’ Hiroshima, mon amour, are utterly perfect, and could have been a film on its own. We know there are two characters—A French Woman, and a Japanese Man—yet all we see if parts of their bodies as they make passionate love. Yet instead of hearing a soft core pornographic film, they instead discuss the event. It is astounding how Renais paints both sides reactions to the event. The French woman acts like she was there, while the Japanese man refuses to remember it. Edited against documentary footage of the event and its aftermath, this opening was exactly what I wanted the French New Wave to be—it was minimalist, yet deeply composed, strange, yet deeply thematic. Unfortunately, the film goes in a route similar to the frustrating Marienbad, painting a mystery between these two people and their past. Yes, it continues to work within the framework of the opening, but it feels like almost another film. Like his later work, it is very beautiful—Renais knows how to work the camera—but frustrating in terms of narrative. Again! I had failed to fall in love! Yet I was so close this time—maybe the next man could turn me back.
Holding off on going with a triple threat of Godard, I turned to a filmmaker whom I could trust. He wasn’t exactly real French New Wave, and his films were more American than French. Jean-Pierre Melville is quite the man. First of all, his last name wasn’t actually Melville, but Grumbach. He liked author Herman Melville so much that he adapted it, and interestingly, almost every leading man in a Melville film seems to be fighting for a white whale. He fought in WWII, spent time in New York where he fell in love with gangster films, and then returned to Paris to make his own independent features. I had already seen two films of his—the beautiful and haunting Le Samourai, and the epic French Resistance picture Army of Shadows (which, despite being released in 1969, had been rarely seen outside its home country until 2006). The biggest problem of Melville was that he just wasn’t really the same as the other French New Wave. He was on a level all on his own. His style was definitely anti-Hollywood, but not how Godard or Truffaut would see it. He was slow, deliberate, and quiet. I chose two works of his to continue my marathon—one early, and one late. The ironic part was that the first film, Bob le flambeur (Bob the Gambler) was made in 1956, three years before the cited beginning of the French New Wave. Yet the film is crucial, because Godard has said many times that without the film, he could have never made Breathless (Melville plays the author who Jean Seberg interviews). Bob le flambeur was then, exactly what I wanted, or my Hollywood conscious self wanted. It definitely had a plot, with a clear beginning, middle, and end. But Melville didn’t make a Hollywood film at all. From the opening moment, Bob le flambeur literally takes you to (what he calls) the hell of Paris. For thirty minutes, before any plot development happens, we are simply introduced to characters. Unlike Melville’s later films, he doesn’t go sparse on dialogue. His main character, Bob, is a gambler after all. He’s not a hitman like in Le Samourai—Bob finds his solace in other people, in appearing in a certain image, despite his old age. Bob le flambeur does turn into a heist film, though one of the first non-film noir ones at that. Although Melville’s film doesn’t play like his later ones, much less a French New Wave, there is a certain aura around it that makes it feel special. Is it a genre flick or a character study? There are moments that recall the later influences—a great scene has Bob imagine the heist without any police or even guards—but Bob le flambeur stands on its own, separate from the movement.
If Bob is a gem, then my other Melville choice, Le Cercle Rouge (The Red Cricle), was a diamond in the rough. Much more in the vein of Le Samoura, the film stars Alain Delon as a recently out of jail gangster who returns to crime after a series of strange coincidences, and teams up with two unlikely people for the perfect heist. The film is based on a Buddha quote that Melville made up about two men, and their meeting in a red circle. Everything in this film is like a set of dominos, yet its done with the same quiet and slow pace done in Le Samourai. During the actual heist, which lasts maybe thirty minutes of the film, not a single line of dialogue is heard, and Melville paces it out in real time. Yet its still as thrilling and epic as today’s heist flicks. Melville loved the forties gangster flicks, and always knew that at the end, a tragedy must occur. Just like Double Indemnity, all the pieces fit together, leading to the main character’s downfall. For some reason, the French New Wave directors loved the American gangster films, and one find their influence covered in them. From Jean-Paul Belmondo channeling Humphrey Bogart in Breathless to this flick, gangster flicks are the quintessential American story I guess. Only in America does one rise and fall through crime.
So at the half way mark, this French New Wave experiment has been quite a frustrating and fun ride. Next week, with three Godard flicks and Jacques Tati’s Playtime to go, it will be curious to see if that epiphany on the greatness of the French New Wave is to come.